Malware is an abbreviation for the English term “malicious software,” which refers to harmful programs created by cybercriminals with the intent to damage, destroy, or steal data. You have likely encountered terms such as viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, and ransomware – all of which fall under the category of malware.
To begin with, let’s discuss what malware is capable of. What are the consequences of actions caused by malicious software?
- Encrypting data on the disk, thereby preventing access to the data.
- Stealing data from our devices (documents, photos, passwords, cookies).
- Exploiting our device for further distribution of software or for attacks on other targets on behalf of the attacker.
- Changing settings, redirecting traffic to other websites, displaying false messages.
Malware can infiltrate our devices in various ways. Typically, malware exploits vulnerabilities in the security of the operating system or programs we use. This can happen when:
- Visiting infected websites that automatically download and run malware. However, merely visiting a site usually does not infect the device.
- Downloading and installing unknown or suspicious files, programs, games, toolbars, or browser plugins.
- Opening attachments or visiting pages from untrusted or unexpected sources.
- Connecting infected portable devices such as USB drives, external hard drives, phones, or tablets to our devices.
- Using outdated software that has multiple vulnerabilities.
Now that we know what malware is and how it infiltrates our devices, let’s discuss ways to protect ourselves and prevent it.
Here are some principles to help you stay secure:
- Use antivirus software; Windows comes with Defender enabled by default for home users.
- Exercise caution when opening email attachments (more on phishing and tips for recognizing phishing emails can be found in this article).
- Avoid installing software from unknown sources.
- Use strong passwords and enable multi-factor authentication.
- Regularly back up your data.
- Avoid using an administrator account for daily tasks.
- Keep your software updated – enable automatic updates.
